二、翻译题

（一）英汉词层对等问题

I. 翻译以下段落： What will the next decade bring, as we move into a new millennium? That's getting harder and harder to predict. Change is coming so fast that some of the most important technologies of the 21^st century may now be just a sketch on the drawing board or glimmer in the mind of genius. Then again, the transcendent technologies may be right under our noses on the verge of having as great an impact as the car or telephone.

（二）词义的选择和引申

I. 翻译以下表达法：

1.among the rest 　　　　2.bad sailor

3.blockbuster　　　　　　4.busy-body

5.compare notes　　　　　6.dry goods

7.familiar talk　　　　　8.go on strike

9.go to bed　　　　　　　10.house flag

11.be at loggerheads 　　12.feel under the weather

13. a parting shot 　　　14. with a good grace

15.ask no odds 　　　　　16.be on the outs

17.like water off a duck's back

18.have the world before one

19. a narrow squeak　　　20. be on the gravy train

II. 翻译以下段落：读高中时，我对理科非常感兴趣，成绩也相当好。1985年我被录取到首都师大生物系，在那里我学了四年，主修动物学。1989年我一毕业就到一所职业中学任教。我热爱我的工作，和年轻的学生在一起真好。我真心认为教学是极为光辉的职业。同时，我还在一家公司从事研究工作。当我和外国专家一起工作时，英语派上了用场。但是我常常发现我所学的是不够的。为提高英语水平，我到一家英语夜校强化英语的听、说能力。在老师的帮助下，经过艰苦努力，我很快取得了进步。

（三）搭配与翻译

I. 翻译下列词组，注意词义的搭配：

1.cut wheat　　　　　　　2.cut bread

3.cut one' nails 　　　　4.cut one's hair

5.dry weather　　　　　　6.dry party

7.dry speech 　　　　　　8.black coffee

9.black mood 　　　　　　10.black scientist

11. 浓茶 　　　　　　　　12. 浓墨

13. 浓烟 　　　　　　　　14. 开夜车

15. 开玩笑 　　　　　　　16. 开灯

17. 开支票 　　　　　　　18. 开业

19. 青山 　　　　　　　　20. 青天

II. 翻译以下段落： In his eagerness to have his home sweet and attractive for Euphrasie's coming, Placide had gone less frequently than ever before up to Natchitoches. He worked and whistled and sang until the yearning for the girl's presence became a driving need; then he would put away his tools and mount his horse as the day was closing, and away he would go across bayous and hills and fields until he was with her again. She had never seemed to Placide so lovable as she was then. She had grown more womanly and thoughtful. Her cheek had lost much of its color, and the light in her eyes flashed less often. But her manner had gained a something of pathetic tenderness toward her lover that moved him with an intoxicating happiness. He could hardly wait with patience for that day in early April which would see the fulfillment of his lifelong hopes.

（四）词类的转换

I. 翻译以下句子，注意词类的转换：

1. Most of my classmates are good singers.

2.Talking with his nephew, the old man was the forgiver of the young man's past wrong doings.

3.This plan may become available during the next decade.

4. He spoke in a high voice 。

5.You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in divorce.

6.Another war will be the absolute end of the country.

7.She asked me for a full account of myself and fami1y.

8.Such criticisms have become familiar in his 1ater commentaries on the United States.

9.She is truly sorry for his past ， and she has undertaken to give up motor-cars entirely and for ever.

10.Salt and Sugar are both solub1e in water.

11. 我热爱阳光。

12. 这与他发现特效药有关。

13. 登！登！登！一阵楼梯板响，士兵们冲上楼来。

14. 拨拉！拨拉！长江的水怒吼着。

15. 门呀地开了一半。

16. 他心里扑通扑通地跳个不停。

17. 他正在叭哒叭哒地抽一个小烟袋。

18. 他连鞋都顾不上穿，嗖地一下从窗口跳了出去。

19. 人群里发出一片“啧啧啧”的赞叹声。

20. 小船在波涛汹涌的大海上上下颠簸。

II. 翻译以下段落：当今，住在城市里的人越来越多。结果交通拥挤，道路通常不够用，而且不少道路还过于狭窄。这就是事故甚多的原因。在世界各地的城市里，数以千计的人死于交通事故。所以，必须时常提醒人们交通规则和交通信号。如果没有交通法规，就会有更多的人在交通事故中受害。行人在道路上给自己或他人造成危险的行为是违反交通规则的。任何违反交通规则的人都会被罚一笔款。在某些情况下，如果发现某人屡屡违章，此君则甚至可能进监狱呆上一段时间。要想在路上不违章，你就得遵守交规。司机和骑车者遵守交通规则是很重要的。有人建议违反交通规则的司机得进一个专门 ( 学习 ) 班学习有关规则一段时间。总而言之，不管去那里，为了自己也为了别人的安全，你都要注意交通标志。

（五）增词与减词

I. （1）你知道以下电影的译名吗？他们的译名都有什么特点？

1．Bridge of Madison County 　　2．The Ghost

3．The Piano　　　　　　　　　　4．Species

5．I.Q　　　　　　　　　　　　　6．Nell

7．Street Fighter 　　　　　　　8． Broken Arrow

9．Night Wolves 　　　　　　　　10. Puppet Master

（2） 翻译下列词组与句子，注意必要的增词与减词：

11. you and I

12. politically, economically and geographically

13. For mistakes had been made, bad ones.

14. The lion is the king of animals.

15. She was wrinkled and black, with scant gray hair.

16. It happens that I have my credit card with me.

17. It is likely that she will succeed.

18. There are four seasons in a year.

19. Many water power stations have been built in the province ．

20. Most substances expand when heated and contract when cooled ．

II. 翻译以下段落： The whole world seemed to be a black nothingness. The sky was black with bright stars that never twinkled. The sun, a white, burning disk, seemed to hang in the black velvet of the heavens. This was the scene that spread before the eyes of the first astronaut who left his spaceship to walk in outer space. Previous to this, the “ space walker ” spent months learning to deal with an environment where there is neither gravity nor weight.

（六）词的重复

I. 翻译下列句子，注意字、词的重复现象：

1.She goes wherever she pleases.

2.We can leave whenever you're ready.

3.Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations.

4.I had experienced oxygen and/or engine trouble.

5.Water can be decomposed by energy, a current of electricity.

6.Is she a friend or an enemy?

7.Happy families also had their own troubles.

8.You should learn how to analyze and solve problems.

9.You don't want to lag behind. Neither does he.

10.You should help her since you have promised her to do so.

11. 女人走路时脚后跟的轻微的咯嚓咯嚓声越变越响了。

12. 你为什么一次又一次地问这个问题？

13. 在上学的路上，他总是磨磨蹭蹭。

14. 公事公办。

15. 绿油油的秧苗让人想起香喷喷的米饭。

16. 她经常犯这样那样的错误。

17. 温度的升升降降不一定是由风造成的。

18. 他们手挽手上了公共汽车。

19. 如果你觉得寂寞，可以跟同事或其他朋友聊聊。

20. 你能听见马达的砰砰声吗 ?

II. 翻译以下段落：蓝色一直是我最喜欢的颜色，以后也是如此。我之所以最喜欢这种颜色有几个理由。首先，蓝色是一种非常平和的颜色，令人愉快。天亮，人们醒来时 , 如果看到一片灰暗的天空，他们感觉如何？悲伤郁闷。但是，当天空是深蓝色时，我们心中充满喜悦和快乐。我偏爱蓝色的另一个理由是海洋、河流、湖泊在晴朗日子里呈蓝色。每次我去游泳 , 都觉得似乎获得新生。我认为蓝色是一种优雅、高贵的颜色。我有几套不同颜色的衣服，但是不知怎么，蓝色似乎最适合我。

（七）习语和成语的翻译

I. 翻译下列句子，注意其中的习语：

1. He who plays with fire gets burned.

2. You should keep your nose out of here.

3. Her accent gave him away.

4. His wife held the purse strings.

5. Many of the students at the school took French leave to go to the football match.

6. Father is in a good mood at the moment ． Strike while the iron is hot and ask him to let you go to the circus.

7. Easier said than done; let's pay more attention to practice.

8. He's always been good at fishing in troubled waters; he made a lot of money by buying houses that were bombed in the war.

9. That singer was only a flash in the pan. He disappeared into the air after having made one or two records.

10. I know Jack has a lot on the ball. But I'm not sure if he likes to work here.

11. Any attempt to persuade him to give up smoking will only be ploughing the air.

12. He must have been leading a charmed life.

13. In the family, if the kicks-up are found out by the parents, it's always the oldest of the children who'll get in the neck.

14. Under no circumstances have I made anyone hold the bag for me.

15. That guy never does anything unless there's an angle in it.

16. I burned my fingers in helping that guy before.

17. He got sacked for falling asleep at the switch.

18. John was vaulted to fame, a classic example of overnight success.

19. This is a chance once in a blue moon.

20. I bet he will pass the exam. It's dollars to buttons.

II. 翻译以下段落： They look remarkable like great towering thunderheads billowing high into the evening sky as they catch the last rays of the setting sun. They are so sharp, so startlingly three dimensional that the mind wants to bring them down to earth to imagine them rising on the horizon. They are no ordinary clouds, however. They stand not 9,000 m but almost 10 trillion km high. They are illuminated not with ordinary earthly light but with searing ultraviolet radiation spewing from nuclear fires at the center of a handful of newly formed stars.

（八）四字词组与翻译

I. 翻译下列词组与句子，注意四字格的运用：

1. Don't quarrel with your bread and butter.

2. shilly-shally

3. to share weal and woe

4. between the devil and the deep sea

5. between the beetle and the block

6. chit-chat

7. He that will not when may, when he will he shall have nay.

8. As you sow, so you shall mow.

9. higgledy-piggledy

10. would rather die with honour than survive with dishonour

11. fiddle-faddle

12. criss-cross

13. Man proposes, God disposes.

14. Penny wise, pound foolish

15. Money make the mare to go.

16. Muck and money go together.

17. Silk and satin put out the fire in the kitchen.

18. to lose at sunrise and gain at sunset

19. In the past twelve months the world has with dismay and disbelieve watched the acceleration of force and violence in the region.

20. Bigots lighted faggots to burn the men who dared to bring any intelligence and enlightenment and culture to human kind.

II. 翻译以下段落：她不是鲁镇人。有一年的冬初，四叔家里要换女工，做中人的卫老婆子带她进来了，头上扎着白头绳，乌裙，蓝夹袄，月白背心，年纪大约二十六七，脸色青黄，但两颊却还是红的。卫老婆子叫她祥林嫂，说是自己母家的邻舍，死了当家人，所以出来做工了。四叔皱了皱眉，四嫂已经知道了他的意思，是在讨厌她是个寡妇。但看她模样还周正，手脚还壮大，又只是顺着眼，不开一句口，很像一个安分耐劳的人，便不管四叔的皱眉，将她留下了。